How does the harmonic minor scale alter the seventh note?

In the harmonic minor scale, the seventh note is raised when compared to the natural minor scale. This alteration creates a leading tone that strongly resolves to the tonic, providing a more pronounced sense of tension and resolution in music.

The unique characteristic of the harmonic minor is that the seventh note is elevated only when ascending; however, in many contexts, especially in classical music, it is common practice to maintain this raised seventh note even when descending, as it still retains the harmonic function of leading back to the tonic.

This alteration of the seventh note is essential for the scale's identity as it forms the basis for building dominant seventh chords, which enhance the harmonic richness of the music and create stronger cadences. Therefore, the correct answer reflects the nature of how the seventh note functions within the harmonic minor scale.