What describes a non-chord tone that is approached by the same pitch and resolved by stepping down?

The correct choice describes a non-chord tone known as a suspension. A suspension occurs when a note from a previous chord is held over into a new chord, resulting in a dissonance that is then resolved by moving down to a consonant note. In this case, the non-chord tone is approached by the same pitch, which means it is sustained or held while the harmony changes underneath it. After creating tension, the note then resolves by stepping down to the next pitch in the scale, ultimately creating a sense of resolution and completeness.

In contrast, anticipation would involve a non-chord tone that is played in advance of the chord that it eventually belongs to, thus leading into it rather than resolving from tension. Retardation similarly involves holding a tone over, but it resolves by stepping up instead of down. An appoggiatura is a type of non-chord tone that is approached by a leap and typically resolves to a consonant tone but does not fit the description of being approached by the same pitch and resolved by stepping down.