What does "tempo" measure in music?

"Tempo" in music specifically refers to the speed at which a piece of music is played. It is expressed in beats per minute (BPM), indicating how quickly the beats occur in a musical composition. Understanding tempo is crucial for musicians and conductors as it sets the overall mood and energy of a piece, influencing how the music is perceived by listeners and how performers interpret the work.

For example, a piece marked with a fast tempo can create excitement and urgency, while a slow tempo might evoke calmness or introspection. By controlling tempo, musicians can enhance the expressive qualities of their performance, contributing significantly to the interpretation of the music.