What function do "rests" serve in musical notation?

Rests in musical notation function to denote the absence of sound for specific durations. They provide musicians with vital information about the timing and structure of a piece, indicating where silence should occur within the music. This is crucial for maintaining the rhythm and flow of a performance, as it helps performers understand when they should not play.

Each type of rest corresponds to a specific note value, allowing musicians to synchronize their playing with others and with the overall rhythmic framework of the composition. For instance, a whole rest indicates a full measure of silence, while a quarter rest represents a silence for a quarter of a measure. This concept of resting is as important as the notes themselves, as it contributes to the overall musical expression and character of the piece.