What is an "interval" in music theory?

An "interval" in music theory refers to the distance between two pitches. It is a fundamental concept that helps in understanding how notes relate to one another and is crucial for composing melodies, harmonizing, and analyzing music. Each interval is measured by the number of steps between the notes, which can include whole and half steps. For instance, the distance between C and E is a major third, while the distance between C and G is a perfect fifth. Recognizing intervals is essential for musicians as it aids in sight-reading and ear training, offering a foundational understanding of musical structure and harmony.