Which of these terms is used to indicate a sudden change in dynamics or tempo?

The term "Subito" is used in music to indicate a sudden or abrupt change in dynamics or tempo. In practice, when a composer writes "subito" before a dynamic marking, it instructs performers to make a quick transition, such as playing suddenly louder or softer, or to change tempo unexpectedly. This term effectively communicates the dramatic effect a composer might want to achieve within a piece.

While other terms like "Piu" generally suggest an increase, often in volume or tempo, and terms such as "Colossum" and "Nero" are not standard terms found in musical notation, "Subito" is well established in classical music terminology for conveying immediate changes. Understanding the context and the purpose of these terms helps musicians interpret and perform compositions accurately.