Which term describes a non-chord tone approached by step and resolved by leap in opposite direction?

The term that describes a non-chord tone that is approached by step and resolved by leap in the opposite direction is known as an escape tone. An escape tone typically occurs when a melodic line features a note that leaves a chord by stepping away from it and then resolves to a more stable chord tone by making a leap in the opposite direction. For example, if a melody is moving upwards and approaches a non-chord tone by stepping up (e.g., from the third to the fourth scale degree), it might then leap down to resolve to the root of the chord. This creates a distinctive melodic effect and contributes to the tension and release within the music.

The other terms provided represent different non-chord tones with specific characteristics. Anticipation involves a note that is played before it officially belongs to the chord, leading into it. Suspension refers to a note that is held over from a previous chord and then resolved down into the new chord. Retardation is similar to suspension but resolves upwards instead of downwards. Each of these has its unique function and sound within music, distinguishing them from the escape tone's approach and resolution.